[{"type":"paragraph","text":"Dandruff is one of the most common scalp conditions worldwide, affecting up to 50% of the adult population at some point in their lives. It is characterised by white or yellowish flakes of dead skin on the scalp and hair, often accompanied by itching. Seborrheic dermatitis is a more severe form that can also affect the face, ears, and chest. The primary cause is an overgrowth of Malassezia yeast on the scalp, combined with individual susceptibility and sebum production. Treatment includes medicated shampoos containing ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, or ciclopirox. For persistent cases, topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors may be prescribed."}]
