Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent skin conditions worldwide, affecting nearly 85% of people between the ages of 12 and 24. However, it is not limited to teenagers — adult acne is increasingly common, particularly among women in their 30s and 40s. At DermcareMD, we treat acne patients of all ages and help them achieve clear, healthy skin through evidence-based approaches.
What Causes Acne?
Acne develops when hair follicles become clogged with oil (sebum) and dead skin cells. Several factors contribute to this process:
- Excess sebum production — Hormonal changes, particularly during puberty, menstruation, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can increase oil production in the skin.
- Bacterial colonisation — Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) thrives in clogged pores and triggers inflammation.
- Follicular hyperkeratinisation — Abnormal shedding of skin cells inside hair follicles leads to blockages.
- Inflammation — The body's immune response to bacterial activity causes redness, swelling, and pain.
- Diet and lifestyle — High-glycaemic foods, dairy products, stress, and inadequate sleep can worsen acne in some individuals.
Types of Acne
Acne presents in various forms, ranging from mild to severe. Non-inflammatory acne includes open comedones (blackheads) and closed comedones (whiteheads). Inflammatory acne includes papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. Identifying the type and severity of acne is crucial for selecting the right treatment approach.
Evidence-Based Treatments for Acne
Modern dermatology offers a range of effective treatments that can be tailored to each patient's specific needs:
- Topical retinoids — Adapalene, tretinoin, and tazarotene help unclog pores and reduce inflammation. These are often the first-line treatment for mild to moderate acne.
- Benzoyl peroxide — An antibacterial agent that kills acne-causing bacteria and helps prevent antibiotic resistance.
- Topical and oral antibiotics — Used for moderate inflammatory acne, usually in combination with other therapies.
- Hormonal therapy — Oral contraceptives or spironolactone may be recommended for women with hormonal acne.
- Isotretinoin — Reserved for severe, treatment-resistant acne, this vitamin A derivative addresses all four causes of acne simultaneously.
- Chemical peels — Salicylic acid and glycolic acid peels help exfoliate the skin and reduce comedones.
- LED light therapy — Blue light therapy can target acne bacteria without the side effects of medication.
Prevention Tips for Clear Skin
- Cleanse your face twice daily with a gentle, pH-balanced cleanser — avoid harsh scrubbing.
- Use non-comedogenic moisturisers and sunscreen to protect your skin barrier.
- Avoid touching your face frequently, as this transfers bacteria and oil.
- Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while limiting high-glycaemic foods.
- Manage stress through regular exercise, adequate sleep, and relaxation techniques.
- Never squeeze or pick at acne lesions — this can cause scarring and worsen inflammation.
- Change pillowcases regularly and keep hair clean, especially if you use styling products.
When to See a Dermatologist
If over-the-counter products are not improving your acne after 6-8 weeks, or if you have painful, deep cysts or nodules, it is time to consult a dermatologist. Early treatment can prevent permanent scarring and improve quality of life. At DermcareMD Skin & Hair Clinic in Kothrud, Pune, Dr. Neha Athalye provides comprehensive acne assessment using dermoscopy and tailored treatment plans to help you achieve lasting results.
